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一、虚拟机安装
step 1:进入到 VMWare 之后选择新建虚拟机;

step 2:选择“典型(推荐)”,如果电脑配置不行可以选择自定义来降低默认的,点击下一步;

step 3:有ISO文件的可以选择“安装光盘映像文件”,没有的提前去下载一个自己喜欢的操作系统,点击下一步;

step 4:给新建的虚拟机命名,点击下一步;

step 5:给虚拟机指定磁盘容量大小,不能太小,建议20~50GB之间,点击下一步;

step 6:点击“自定义硬件”按钮,如下图所示;

step 7:自定义硬件窗口如下所示,在这里进行内存(建议设置为2GB以上)、CPU(处理器,建议给2~4核)、网络适配器(建议选择NAT模式)的设置,点击“关闭”按钮,关闭自定义硬件窗口;

step 8:可以选择勾选“创建后开启虚拟机”选项,然后再点击新建虚拟机向导窗口右下角的“完成”按钮,完成虚拟机基本设置,如下图;

step 9:进行 Linux(CentOS 7) 系统的安装,用键盘上的上下箭头移动选择“Install CentOS 7”选项,点击 enter 按键,开始安装,如下图所示;

step 10:选择安装语言,可以选择安装中文,但建议安装英文,点击“Continue”,如下图所示;

step 11:选择 CentOS 7 系统安装到硬盘,单击如图选择区域,如下图所示;

step 12:进入硬盘选择界面,选择点击“Done”按钮,完成硬盘选择,如下图所示;

step 13:点击“Begin Installation”按钮,开始CentOS 7 系统的安装,如下图所示;

step 14:设置系统root密码,点击 ROOT PASSWORD 按钮,进行密码的设置,如下图所示;

step 15:密码输入以后,点击“Done”按钮完成密码的设置;

step 16:此过程持续大约半个小时,安装完成以后,点击“reboot”按钮进行系统的重启;

step 17:至此,Cent OS 7 已安装完成。
二、虚拟机基本设置
静态 IP设置
1)打开虚拟机,找到菜单栏中的“编辑”选项,选择“虚拟网络编辑器”,查看虚拟网络的网段信息,如下图所示:



2)根据上面的网段信息来配置虚拟机的静态IP地址。首先打开网络配置文件,修改并添加如下属性值:
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
BOOTPROTO=static # 将 dhcp 改为 static
ONBOOT=yes # 将 no 改为 yes
# 添加如下内容
IPADDR=192.168.118.31 # IP 地址
GATEWAY=192.168.118.2 # 网关
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # 子网掩码
DNS1=114.114.114.114
3)保存并退出::wq。执行如下命令重启网卡,使网络生效:
# service network restart
修改主机名
设置主机名与 IP 地址的映射
# hostnamectl set-hostname hhh # 主机名为:hhh
1)打开 /etc/hosts 文件,添加如下信息:
# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.118.31 hhh # 添加此行记录
2)保存退出::wq。
防火墙设置
执行如下命令关闭防火墙:
# systemctl stop firewalld.service # 关闭防火墙
# systemctl disable firewalld.service # 开机禁止自启动防火墙
# systemctl status firewalld.service # 查看防火墙状态
SSH(免密登陆) 设置
1)执行以下命令,连续按三次 enter 键,生成密钥和公钥:
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): # 此处按 enter 键
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): # 此处按 enter 键
Enter same passphrase again: # 此处按 enter 键
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:Nu+rzAUpyiPPTjX0BJrS0G6EHpIqIMrc3SUdcv1D498 root@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| ..o …oo |
|= oooo ooo . o |
|Boo+= o + + . |
|+o.ooo + . + |
|. . + S o .|
| . o + + .E|
| . = o |
| = . o o |
| .+ +.o. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
2)执行如下命令完成 SSH 免密登陆:
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id hhh
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host 'hhh (192.168.118.31)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:iai19HdIU24B4zW18OLkSCinn28/glerAehCakSoNXY.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:dc:03:d6:4a:c0:4b:8c:5e:c1:d4:b9:96:6d:18:5d:1d.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes # 输入 yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@hhh's password: # 输入 hhh 主机root用户的密码
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'hhh'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
3)执行如下命令验证是否成功:
# ssh hhh
Last login: Thu Apr 1 08:50:13 2021 from 192.168.118.1 # 成功登陆 hhh 主机
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